► 45 BC: The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing January 1 as the new date of the new year.
► 766 AD: Born Ali al-Ridha, eighth Shi'ite Imam (d. 26 May 819)
► 874 AD: Died Hasan al-Askari, 11th Shi'ite Imam (b. 4 December 846)
► 1871: Indian edited 1st daily newspaper 'Indian Mirror' starts journey
► 1877: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Empress of India
► 1894: Born Satyendra Nath Bose, Indian Bengali physicist (d. 4 Feb. 1974)
► 1894: Died Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist (b. 22 February 1857)
► 1903: Born Poet Jasimuddin, (d. 14 March 1976)
► 1914: Born Adwaita Mallabarman, Bengali writer (b. 16 April 1951)
► 1930: Born A. K. Khandker, Freedom fighter of Bangladesh
► 1912: The Republic of China is established.
► 1956: Sudan achieves independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom
► 1960: Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom